This study analyzes the grotesque representation of the human body in three
contemporary Hollywood films within the body-horror subgenre: The Substance
(2024), Bodies Bodies Bodies (2022), and It’s What’s Inside (2024). Using Nick
Lacey’s Repertoire of Elements framework, this research investigates the narrative
structures, character functions, iconography, setting, and cinematic styles that define
body-horror conventions in these films. Conducted through a qualitative method and
critical paradigm, the study explores how bodily distortion and transformation serve as
metaphors for deeper social anxieties. The findings show that each film positions the
human body as a site of horror, instability, and ideological critique. The Substance
explores themes of beauty, aging, and identity loss through grotesque bodily
transformation. Bodies Bodies Bodies reflects on the performative culture and fragile
relationships of Generation Z, where emotional and physical breakdowns mirror social
disconnection. It’s What’s Inside examines body autonomy and technological fear
through surreal, chaotic body-swapping narratives. These films use the grotesque body
not only for visceral effect, but also as a medium of cultural commentary, particularly
on gender, social pressure, and the commodification of physical appearance. Body
horror becomes a cinematic tool to question dominant norms and reveal the
consequences of societal obsession with perfection and control. This research
contributes to film and communication studies by demonstrating how horror, especially
body horror, extends beyond shock to engage with complex cultural meanings
embedded in the visual and narrative portrayal of the body.
Keywords: Body Horror, Grotesque, Genre Analysis, Nick Lacey, Film Studies,
Corporeality, gender